end of the war
The Great War ended on November 11, 1918, after Germany accepted the armistice. How this colossal war ended is very complex to explain, for the reasons are not single events but a collection of things that began with the war. The constant fighting had drained everyone's resources, and it was a matter of who could outlast the other in a sense. The removal of Russia from the war also helped to end the war, but that wasn't nearly as big as when the U.S. joined the Allies. They were the main deciding factor to end the war because they provided fresh resources and broke the stalemate the nations had been stuck in. Food riots were also largely a problem within Central Power nations. The people were suffering from the food shortages, and the government didn't help. It jailed and suppressed anyone that rose against it, which angered the public even more. Military discipline was soon thrown to the wind as soldiers revolted in Germany and France. With all the above things mentioned above, Germany had bad decisions that eventually lost them the war. They decided to attack the western front in the spring of 1918, but the Allies took this chance to break through the front line and push the Germans back until they (the Germans) were completely exhausted of human and material means to fight. At the same time, Bulgaria, the Ottomans, and Austria-Hungary capitulated, concluded an armistice, and surrendered to the invading Allies. After all of these battles and gambles, Germany finally had no other choice but to accept the armistice offered to them.
paris peace conference
Each country wanted something out of WW1, but not everyone could get what they asked for. At the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, the dominators were Georges Clenceau, Lloyd George, and Woodrow Wilson, representing France, Britain, and the United States. Central Powers were not allowed, and the Soviet Union was not invited. The Allies threatened to renew the war if anyone disagreed with the terms set, so no one argued when the terms were issued. The U.S. president declared his fourteen points the key points being open covenants of peace, absolute freedom of navigation on the seas in times of war and peace, the removal of all economic barriers and the establishment of of an equality of trade conditions among all nations, adequate guarantees for a reduction in national armaments, adjustments of colonial disputes to give equal weight to the interests of the controlling government and the colonial population, and a call for a general association of nations. The French wanted the destruction or permanent weakening of the German power.
peace treaties in depth
There were several compromises after the treaties were affirmed, because about 27 countries were involved in the treaty making process. The Allies demanded of Germany to accept sole responsibility and guilt for causing the war, a reduction in military potential of the Central Powers, and in the Treaty of Versailles the Germans were denied a navy and air force, and were limited to a size of 100,000 troops. The Allies also forbade Austria and Germany to enter in any political union, and made them pay for the war costs with money or kind. Other treaties were also accepted, such as the Treaty of Neuilly, Treaty of St. Germain, Treaty of Trianon, Treaty of Sèvres, and the Treaty of Lausanne. The results of these treaties were mainly limiting the movements of the Central Powers during the war and requiring payment to the Allies. The Central Powers also lost a lot of territory.
new countries formed
There were several new countries formed after the war when the Allies changed boundary lines. There are now the countries of Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Serbia, Montenegro, and Turkey.
the middle east
In the Middle East there were many new changes. The countries Palestine, Iraq, Lebanon, and Syria were created. Mustafa Kemal instituted a program of modernization within Turkey that emphasized economic development and secularism. The government separated Muslim religious things from the state. The British and French established mandates regarding the new territories, meaning that thought these territories were not actually colonies, they were under imperialistic rule until they could become an independent nation once again. This enraged the Germans which were also put into a mandate, and the Ottomans.